Research on the Martian surface involves studying the geological and physical characteristics of the surface of Mars. Scientists and researchers utilize data from spacecraft and rovers such as NASA's Mars rovers to explore the surface features, composition, and history of the Red Planet. Specific areas of interest include the presence of water, evidence of past or present life, and potential resources for future exploration and colonization. Understanding the Martian surface is crucial in advancing our knowledge of Mars as a planet and its potential for supporting life.